Exploring the efficacy of al-hijamah (wet cupping) in managing hypertension and dyslipidemia among Indonesian population: a meta-analysis

Justika Usmadhani Aulya, Asri Rizqi Matondang, Farahdina Farahdina, Ferdian Rizaliansyah, Nur Samsu, Jonny Karunia Fajar

Abstract


BACKGROUND: In Indonesia, wet cupping therapy has been thoroughly investigated as a treatment for hypertension and dyslipidemia. Nevertheless, the outcomes across these studies are contradictory.

OBJECTIVES: To appraise the effectiveness of wet cupping therapy in the management of hypertension and dyslipidemia among the Indonesian population.

METHODS: We examined papers sourced from Google Scholar, the Indonesian Scientific Journal Database, and Garba Rujukan Digital until September 5, 2020. These papers investigated blood pressure and lipid profile levels both pre- and post-wet cupping treatment. The collective data underwent Z-test analysis to assess associations.

RESULTS: In total, we included 26 papers examining the correlation between wet cupping therapy and blood pressure, as well as 16 papers assessing lipid profile levels. Our combined analysis revealed significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (MD: 13.86; 95% CI: 10.01, 17.71), diastolic blood pressure (MD: 6.31; 95% CI: 3.84, 8.79), and lower total cholesterol levels (MD: 21.56; 95% CI: 10.32, 32.80]) in the post-treatment group compared to the pre-treatment group. However, we were unable to elucidate the impact of wet cupping therapy on the concentrations of low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride.

CONCLUSIONS: Wet cupping therapy exhibits potential efficacy in reducing blood pressure and total cholesterol levels among individuals in Indonesia.

Keywords


Wet cupping therapy; hypertension; dyslipidemia; blood pressure; lipid profile.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Singh Thakur J, Nangia R, Singh S. Progress and challenges in achieving noncommunicable diseases targets for the sustainable development goals. FASEB Bioadv 2021;3(8):563-568.doi: 10.1096/fba.2020-00117.

Ciccacci F, Majid N, Petrolati S, Agy M, Massango C, Orlando S, et al. Hypercholesterolemia and related risk factors in a cohort of patients with diabetes and hypertension in Maputo, Mozambique. Pan Afr Med J 2021;38(1):102.doi: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.102.27284.

Ariyanti R, Besral B. Dyslipidemia associated with hypertension increases the risks for coronary heart disease: A case-control study in harapan kita hospital, national cardiovascular center, jakarta. J Lipids 2019;2019(1):2517013.doi: 10.1155/2019/2517013.

Qureshi NA, Ali GI, Abushanab TS, El-Olemy AT, Alqaed MS, El-Subai IS, et al. History of cupping (Hijama): a narrative review of literature. J Integr Med 2017;15(3):172-181.doi: 10.1016/S2095-4964(17)60339-X.

Rahman HS, Ahmad GA, Mustapha B, Al-Rawi HA, Hussein RH, Amin K, et al. Wet cupping therapy ameliorates pain in patients with hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes: A controlled clinical study. International Journal of Surgery Open 2020;26(1):10-15.doi: doi.org/10.1016/j.ijso.2020.07.003.

Aleyeidi NA, Aseri KS, Matbouli SM, Sulaiamani AA, Kobeisy SA. Effects of wet-cupping on blood pressure in hypertensive patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Integr Med 2015;13(6):391-9.doi: 10.1016/S2095-4964(15)60197-2.

Hassan N, Suleman R, Al-Azzani W, Jaber H, Mahdi A. Microparticle clearance theory: an update to the potential mechanisms of action of cupping therapy. Advances in Integrative Medicine 2021;8(1):68-72.doi: 10.1016/j.aimed.2020.07.001.

Lee MS, Choi TY, Shin BC, Kim JI, Nam SS. Cupping for hypertension: a systematic review. Clin Exp Hypertens 2010;32(7):423-425.doi: 10.3109/10641961003667955.

Lu S, Du S, Fish A, Tang C, Lou Q, Zhang X. Wet cupping for hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Hypertens 2019;41(5):474-480.doi: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1510939.

Posadzki P, AlBedah AM, Khalil MM, AlQaed MS. Complementary and alternative medicine for lowering blood lipid levels: A systematic review of systematic reviews. Complement Ther Med 2016;29(1):141-151.doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.09.019.

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. Syst Rev 2021;10(1):89.doi: 10.1186/s13643-021-01626-4.

Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol 2010;25(9):603-605.doi: 10.1007/s10654-010-9491-z.

Ruppar T. Meta-analysis: How to quantify and explain heterogeneity? Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2020;19(7):646-652.doi: 10.1177/1474515120944014.

Fajar JK. Approaches for identifying and managing publication bias in meta-analysis. Deka in Medicine 2024;1(1):e865.doi.

Lee CH, Cook S, Lee JS, Han B. Comparison of two meta-analysis methods: Inverse-variance-weighted average and weighted sum of z-scores. Genomics Inform 2016;14(4):173-180.doi: 10.5808/GI.2016.14.4.173.

Akbar N, Mahati E. Pengaruh bekam basah terhadap kolesterol dan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di semarang. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro 2013;2(1):137784.doi.

Alfiyansah R. Pengaruh terapi bekam basah terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di rumah bekam ruqyyah syar’iyyah kabupaten garut. Jurnal Medika Cendikia 2018;5(2):133-141.doi: 10.33482/medika.v5i02.88.

Amaliyah H, Koto Y. Terapi bekam terhadap penurunan tekanan darah. Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan Indonesia 2018;8(1):394-400.doi: 10.33221/jiiki.v8i01.321.

Astuti W, Syarifah NY. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di klinik sehat mugi barokah karakan godean sleman yogyakarta. Mikki: Majalah Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2018;7(1):8-16.doi: 10.47317/mikki.v7i1.13.

Burasyid MH, Zawawi MA. Pengaruh terapi bekam thibbun nabawi terhadap kadar kolesterol, gula darah dan tekanan darah sebelum dan sesudah terapi di klinik crew bekam kediri tahun 2018. Universitas Tunas Pembangunan Surakarta 2019;5(3):1-5.doi.

Hastuti TP, Ekanto BE. Efek stimulasi motor point dengan bekam basah terhadap tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada wanita hipertensi. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan 2013;9(1):193–196.doi.

Eliyana Y, Nooryanto M, Poeranto S. Pengaruh terapi bekam kering terhadap tekanan darah pada ibu preeklampsia postpartum. Jurnal Info Kesehatan 2019;17(1):1-15.doi: 10.31965/infokes.Vol17.Iss1.221.

Fatonah S, Rihiantoro T, Astuti T. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap tekanan darah penderita hipertensi. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Sai Betik 2015;11(1):56-62.doi.

Fauziah H, Sofiani Y, Irawati D. Bekam efektif menurunkan tekanan darah pada pertengahan Bulan Hijriyah. JHeS (Journal of Health Studies) 2020;4(1):46-53.doi: 10.31101/jhes.520.

Sangkur N, Nurmuharomah D, Nandya I, Diah NP, Utami N, Sutarsa IN. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap tekanan darah pasien hipertensi esensial di rumah bekam denpasar mei-juni tahun 2014. E-jurnal Medika 2016;5(9):2303-1395.doi.

Irawan H, Ari S. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada klien hipertensi. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 2017;1(1):18-24.doi: 10.32831/jik.v1i1.12.

Kusyati E, Hartono S, Hastuti W. Pengaruh arah putaran jarum bekam basah terhadap tekanan darah penderita hipertensi di kedung mundu semarang. PROSIDING SEMINAR NASIONAL & INTERNASIONAL; 2014. p. 66-75.

Lestari YA, Hartono A, Susanti U. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap perubahan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di dusun tambak rejo desa gayaman mojokerto. Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan 2017;6(2):14-20.doi: 10.36720/nhjk.v6i2.16

Muflih M, Judha M. Effectiveness of blood pressure reduction reviewed from amount of kop, duration and location of point of bekam therapy. NurseLine Journal 2019;4(1):46-53.doi: 10.19184/nlj.v4i1.9042

Mulyati L. Pengaruh therapy bekam basah terhadap tekanan darah pasien hipertensi. JURNAL MEDIA KESEHATAN 2013;6(2):102-105.doi: 10.33088/jmk.v6i2.198.

Pratama YB. Pengaruh terapi bekam kering terhadap tekanan darah pada lansia dengan hipertensi di upt pstw jember. 2018;9(2):94-101.doi: 123456789/87496.

Priyanto A, Mayangsari M, Ismaya AP. Upaya menurunkan hipertensi dengan terapi bekam dan habbatussauda (nigella sativa) pada penderita hipertensi. NURSING UPDATE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan 2020;11(2):32-46.doi.

Putri EE, Rahayu H, Putri AA. Efektifitas terapi bekam dan pijat refleksi kaki terhadap tekanan darah di semarang. Prosiding Seminar Nasional & Internasional; 2014. p. 93-97.

Rohatami O, Maliya A, Ambarwati R. Efektivitas pemberian terapi bekam dan terapi pijat refleksi terhadap tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta; 2015.

Safrianda E. Efektivitas terapi bekam basah terhadap perubahan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di rumah terapi thibbun nabawy pontianak. ProNers 2015;3(1):1-9.doi: 10.26418/jpn.v3i1.10528.

Santi YR, Paratmanitya Y, Pratiwi P. Terapi bekam dan akupunktur terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi primer (esensial) di klinik herbal el zahra kota tarakan. JNKI (Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan Indonesia)(Indonesian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery) 2014;2(3):147-154.doi: 10.21927/jnki.2014.2(3).147-154.

Saputra R. Efektifitas bekam terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Multidisiplin 2017;1(1):1-6.doi: 10.36341/jpm.v1i1.389.

Sardaniah S, Marlena F. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di pondok pengobatan alternatif miftahusyifa. Jurnal Vokasi Keperawatan (JVK) 2020;3(1):85-102.doi: 10.33369/jvk.v2i2.10697.

Sormin T. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap tekanan darah penderita hipertensi. Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Sai Betik 2018;14(2):123-128.doi: 10.26630/jkep.v14i2.1294

Suryanda S, Amin M, Indriani M. Pengaruh terapi bekam basah terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di klinik asy-syifa prabumulih. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan" SUARA FORIKES" 2017;8(3):152-155.doi: 10.33846/sf.v8i3.150.

Susanah S, Sutriningsih A, Warsono W. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi di Poliklinik Trio Husada Malang. Nursing News: Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan 2017;2(3):281-291.doi: 10.33366/nn.v2i3.651.

El Sayed SM, Mahmoud HS, Nabo MMH. Methods of wet cupping therapy (Al-Hijamah): in light of modern medicine and prophetic medicine. Altern Integ Med 2013;2(3):1-16.doi: 10.4172/2327-5162.1000111.

Faizal KM, Nurvinanda R, Zupera Z. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap kadar kolesterol di rumah sakit bakti timah pangkalpinang. Malahayati Nursing Journal 2020;2(2):259-267.doi: 10.33024/manuju.v2i2.2375.

Fikri Z, Nursalam N, Has EMM. Penurunan kadar kolesterol dengan terapi bekam (the effect of cupping therapy on cholesterol reduction in patients with hypercholesterolemia). Jurnal Ners 2010;5(2):195-200.doi.

Helma H, Yaswir R, Lillah L. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap kadar kolesterol total. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 2018;7:50-53.doi: 10.25077/jka.v7i0.876.

Hidayat SA, Anggeraini S, Hidayat T. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol pada pasien hypercholesterolemia di rumah sehat al-hijamaah tahun 2014/2015. Al-Iqra Medical Journal: Jurnal Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran 2018;1(1):41-47.doi: 10.26618/aimj.v1i1.2769

Norlita W, Wiradinata DI. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap kadar kolesterol pasien hiperkolesterolemia di Thibbun Nabawi Centre RSIA Zainab Pekanbaru Tahun 2019. Photon: Jurnal Sain dan Kesehatan 2020;10(2):125-136.doi: 10.37859/jp.v10i2.1869.

Meinisasti R, Farizal J, Patroni R. Perbedaan kadar kolesterol sebelum dan sesudah terapi bekam basah di kota bengkulu. Journal of Nursing and Public Health 2019;7(2):19-22.doi: 10.37676/jnph.v7i2.894.

Rini TP. Gambaran kadar kolesterol pasien yang mendapatkan terapi bekam. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa PSIK Riau 2014;1(2):1-8.doi.

Saryono S. Penurunan kadar kolesterol total pada pasien hipertensi yang mendapat terapi bekam di klinik an-nahl purwokerto. Soedirman Journal of Nursing 2010;5(2):66-73.doi: 10.20884/1.jks.2010.5.2.272.

Sugiarti M, Seto YRR. Gambaran kadar kolesterol total pada pasien terapi bekam di tempat pelayanan kesehatan tradisional bekam herbal center (bhc) kedaton kota bandar lampung. Jurnal Analis Kesehatan 2017;5(1):537-541.doi: 10.26630/jak.v5i1.459.

Sistiyono S, Martiningsih MA, Hastuti F. Gambaran kadar kolesterol total pada penderita hipertensi sebelum dan sesudah terapi bekam basah. Jurnal Teknologi Laboratorium 2016;5(1):36-40.doi.

Sungkawa HB. Penurunan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida dengan teknik bekam pada penderita hiperkolesterolemia. The Journal of Medical Laboratory 2019;7(1):1-6.doi: 10.33992/m.v7i1.460

Surianti S, Bhakti WK, Surtikanti S. Pengaruh terapi bekam terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol di Terapi Bekam Harmoni Pontianak. Jurnal Keperawatan dan Kesehatan 2016;7(2):82-87.doi.

Widodo S, Khoiriyah K. Efek terapi bekam basah terhadap kadar kolesterol total pada penderita hiperkolesterolmia di Klinik Bekam Center Semarang. Jurnal Unimus 2014;1(1):1-6.doi.

Windasari A, Sukarni S, Priyono D. Pengaruh terapi bekam basah terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol pada penderita hiperkolesterolemia diwilayah kerja UPK puskesmas Alianyang. Jurnal Proners 2019;4(1):3-9.doi.

Fahmy A, Gugun AM. Pengaruh bekam (Al-hijamah ) terhadap kadar kolesterol LDL pada pria dewasa normal. Mutiara Medika 2008;8(2):117-121.doi.

Suryanta S, Septiana W. Gambaran kadar kolesterol-LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein ) sebelum dan 48 jam sesudah melakukan satu kali terapi bekam basah pada penderita hipertensi dengan pola lima titik. Journal Tekno laboratorium 2016;5(2):68 – 72.doi.

Sinaga DF, Welkriana PW, Farizal J. Perbedaan kadar trigliserida wanita sebelum dan sesudah terapi bekam. Jurnal Media Kesehatan 2019;12(2):45-51.doi: 10.33088/jmk.v12i2.430




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.hsj.2024.005.04.8

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2024 Justika Usmadhani Aulya

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.